Lagos de Moreno

[edit] The conquistador Hernando Martel gave Lagos de Moreno its original name, Villa de Santa Maria de los Lagos (Town of Saint Mary of the Lakes). The town's name was derived from Saint Mary, the townspeople's chosen patron saint, and the numerous lakes that used to be scattered across the valley. The town was renamed on April 9, 1829, as Lagos de Moreno in honor of Mexican independence hero Pedro Moreno, who was born in the city.

[edit] Pre-hispanic era[edit] The origins of Lagos de Moreno date to its founding as Pechichitlán or Teziziatlan by Ahnuvic VII in about 1028 BCE. Then the city served as a capital for the Chichimecatlalli fiefdom. In the 12th century, semi-nomadic Guachichiles occupied the valley and dominated an extensive area stretching from present-day San Juan de los Lagos to southern Coahuila. Before the colonization of Mexico began, indigenous culture thrived in this area, with notable pre-Hispanic architecture being established at Rincón de Mesa, Sauceda, and El Maguey. Colonial era[edit] After the fall of the Aztec Empire, explorers set out to explore the western frontier in the Bajio Region. The Spanish expansion in Nueva Galicia was slowed down by several tribes in the vicinity, such as the semi-nomadic Chichimecas and the Guachichiles. To the east of Pechititan, the Guamares inhabited the Guanajuato area, and to the west, the Zacatecos lived. The Zacateco caudillos (chiefs), Xiconaqui and Custique, along with the Chichimecas, struck down multiple Spanish invasions from 1550 to 1590 in the well-known Chichimeca War. However, encomenderos gradually occupied the Bajio. The first Spaniard to build a hacienda in the Laguense valley was Don Diego de Ibarra. Even so, in 1551, a group of Chichimecas attacked his ranch (La Sauceda and San Antonio) and killed all his animals. The constant raids in the area made, for the time being, made settlement of the Lagos region impossible. Founding of Lagos[edit] Don Hernando Martel founded Villa Santa Maria de los Lagos in 1563. He and his family held considerable influence over the town in its first few decades. After decades of constant combat and raids, the first Spanish authorities of the region were appointed; the priest of Teocaltiche and the Mayor of Teocaltiche had the region stretching from Teocaltiche to the Lagos valley as their jurisdiction. Later, the Royal Audiencia of Nueva Galicia ordered the Mayor of Teocaltiche, Don Hernando Martel from Seville, to establish a town in the vicinity of Pechichitan. The new settlement was founded jointly with the first priest and vicar of the local parish, father Juan de Cuenca Virues, who also participated in the official founding of the Real Comanja mine in 1561. As such, on March 31, 1563, Villa de Santa María de los Lagos was founded by Martel, Cuenca, and Pedro de Anda, along with around 100 Spanish noble families. Development The residents of Santa Maria chose the Virgin Mary as the namesake of their town and Saint Sebastian as a minor patron saint. The settlement and its surroundings became quite appealing to ranchers; by 1600 around 20,000 head of cattle were active in the Lagos valley, facilitating the eventual creation of the charreria-style rodeo. The increasing population of the area contributed to the naming of the first ordinary Mayor of Santa Maria de los Lagos, the miner Pedro Marfil from Guanajuato. Marfil would be succeeded by Gonzalo Vazquez Baladez, the first and only clergyman to-date to serve as mayor of the town. The town continued to grow steadily in the 17th century, benefiting from the general prosperity of the Golden Age of the Spanish Empire. In 1615, a new jail was inaugurated, and 1621 saw the construction of a third parish temple with a tower that would be completed by 1685. Religious buildings were created often during this period; the Convent of the Poor Capuchins of Saint Joseph was founded and the construction of the Parish Church of Our Lady of the Assumption and the Temple of Our Lady of the Rosary began during this time. Mexican War of Independence[edit] Pedro Moreno, namesake of Lagos de Moreno and hero of the Mexican War of Independence.Santa Maria de los Lagos, like the rest of New Spain, underwent rapid political change in the early 1800s. Local lawyer Francisco Primo de Verdad y Ramos spoke openly to the colonial authorities, advocating for Mexican independence. However, he soon died under mysterious circumstances in the dungeon of the Mexico City Trustee building. In the initial phase of the war, Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla visited Santa Maria de los Lagos and provided religious services there, and recruited some families for the fight against the forces of the Spanish Viceroy. Independence to present[edit] UNESCO World Heritage Site Historic Centre of Lagos de MorenoUNESCO World Heritage SiteThe historic Lagos Bridge with the Temple of Our Lady of the Light in the distanceInteractive map of Historic Centre of Lagos de MorenoLocationLagos de Moreno, Jalisco, MexicoCriteriaii, ivReference1351-017Inscription2010 (34th Session) In 1823, the Convenio de Lagos (Agreement of Lagos) was signed in Santa Maria by Nicolas Bravo, Pedro Celestino Negrete, and Luis Quintanar, establishing the Free and Sovereign State of Jalisco. On March 27, 1824, Santa Maria was given the title of city. On April 9, 1829, the city was renamed as Lagos de Moreno in memory of insurgent General Pedro Moreno (1775–1817), a founding father of Mexico who led forces against Spanish authorities in the Mexican War of Independence. In 1855, a second and similarly titled Convenio de Lagos (Agreement of Lagos) was signed in Lagos de Moreno, in which Manuel Doblado and Antonio de Haro y Tamariz recognized the Plan of Ayutla, thus joining the movement to topple conservative President Antonio López de Santa Ana. During the Reform War, Lagos de Moreno changed hands between liberal and conservative forces multiple times until an eventual liberal victory in 1861. During the Mexican Revolution in the 1910s, residents of Lagos de Moreno like Mariano Azuela and Francisco Guerrero Ramirez joined the fighting. In the subsequent Cristero War, the nearby Mesa Redonda was the site of a battle between federal troops and rebel forces. In 1963, Lagos de Moreno celebrated the 400th anniversary of its founding. In recent times, the city has received several important titles. It has been named an Area of Historical Monuments by the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) in 1989, a World Heritage Site on the Camino Real "Tierra Adentro" by UNESCO on August 1, 2010, and "Pueblo Mágico" by SECTUR on November 16, 2012.

[edit] Climate[edit] Lagos de Moreno has a subtropical highland climate (Köppen climate classification Cwb) with mild temperatures year round. Temperatures are generally similar for any given month, but daily high and low fluctuations can be very sharp in the winter due in part to the city's altitude and its uneven surroundings. Winters are mild with an average maximum temperature of 23 °C (73.4 °F) in January although nighttime temperatures are often cold, with an average minimum temperature of 3 °C (37.4 °F). Many days are sunny, averaging around 15-19 clear days per month and precipitation is low. Nighttime temperatures regularly fall below 0 °C (32.0 °F) but extended periods of frost are rare. The Bajio's two main seasons are the rainy season and the dry season. The rainy season, which runs from June to October, sees an increase in precipitation and humidity, with July and August being the months with the most precipitation. The record high was 42.0 °C (107.6 °F) on March 26, 1942 and the record low was −9.0 °C (15.8 °F) on January 24, 1955. The table below shows detailed statistics on the climate of Lagos de Moreno. Climate data for Lagos de Moreno (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1942–2020) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °C (°F) 35.5(95.9) 39.0(102.2) 42.0(107.6) 37.5(99.5) 41.5(106.7) 40.0(104.0) 36.0(96.8) 36.0(96.8) 34.5(94.1) 39.5(103.1) 34.0(93.2) 33.0(91.4) 42.0(107.6) Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 23.5(74.3) 25.8(78.4) 28.0(82.4) 30.1(86.2) 31.2(88.2) 29.5(85.1) 27.4(81.3) 27.3(81.1) 26.8(80.2) 26.7(80.1) 25.2(77.4) 23.8(74.8) 27.1(80.8) Daily mean °C (°F) 13.5(56.3) 15.2(59.4) 17.3(63.1) 19.7(67.5) 21.5(70.7) 21.9(71.4) 20.6(69.1) 20.5(68.9) 20.0(68.0) 18.4(65.1) 15.9(60.6) 13.9(57.0) 18.2(64.8) Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 3.3(37.9) 5.1(41.2) 6.6(43.9) 9.2(48.6) 11.8(53.2) 14.3(57.7) 13.9(57.0) 13.6(56.5) 13.1(55.6) 10.0(50.0) 6.5(43.7) 3.9(39.0) 9.3(48.7) Record low °C (°F) −9.0(15.8) −7.5(18.5) −4.5(23.9) −1.0(30.2) 1.0(33.8) 3.0(37.4) 4.0(39.2) 5.0(41.0) 1.0(33.8) −3.0(26.6) −6.0(21.2) −5.2(22.6) −9.0(15.8) Average precipitation mm (inches) 14.4(0.57) 10.7(0.42) 9.4(0.37) 9.4(0.37) 27.5(1.08) 110.8(4.36) 146.7(5.78) 118.7(4.67) 98.2(3.87) 38.5(1.52) 12.4(0.49) 10.3(0.41) 607.0(23.90) Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 1.8 1.2 1.1 1.3 4.0 10.5 13.7 12.2 10.0 4.5 1.4 1.3 63.0 Average relative humidity (%) 59 53 48 48 51 64 70 73 72 68 64 64 61 Mean monthly sunshine hours 231.3 240.7 273.5 282.5 289.9 230.4 224.8 223.3 203.2 241.4 244.8 214.5 2,900.3 Source 1: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional Source 2: Colegio de Postgraduados (sun and humidity 1951–1980) Topography[edit] A view of the Mesa Redonda from the nearby highway. Mesa Redonda was the site of a Cristero War battle.Lagos de Moreno is situated 1,942 meters (6,371 feet) above mean sea level. Lagos is located in the region of Los Altos de Jalisco, within the macroregion of the Bajío, one of the most highly developed areas in Latin America. The city's vicinity is quite mountainous and hilly, with the nearby Mesa Redonda being a particularly notable formation. Flora and fauna[edit] The nearby Mesa Redonda is home to many unique species of flora. There, two species of cactus endemic only to Jalisco flourish, with one of these species only being endemic to the Mesa Redonda, particularly its very steep slopes, protecting it from predators. Many animals call the Lagos valley home, with fauna including hares, rabbits, deers, and boars. Residents of nearby ranches have commented on the presence of coyotes and snakes in rural areas. Areas like the Mesa Redonda have been utilized by locals to gather vegetables straight from nature, particularly prickly pear cacti.

[edit] As of the 2020 Mexican census, the city had a population of 111,569, making it the 6th largest city in the state of Jalisco. The municipality as a whole had an estimated population of 164,981 in 2015. The municipality has a slightly higher female population, with 88,426 females compared to 83,977 males. In Lagos de Moreno city, 38,024 dwellings were enumerated, with 38,002 of these being private households. Of the private residences, 30,020 were inhabited; and in turn, of the inhabited private residences: 29,817 had non-dirt flooring; 29,64 had electricity; 29,919 had sanitary facilities; and 29,941 had drainage.

[edit] Athletics[edit] Luis Fernando Macías, professional cyclist, silver medalist at the 2009 Pan-American Road and Track Championship Armando Reynoso Gutiérrez, baseball player for the Mexico national team, Mexican Baseball Hall of Fame member Isaác Brizuela Muñoz, Mexican-American footballer for C.D. Guadalajara Carmelo Reyes González, former professional wrestler Culture[edit] Lola Álvarez Bravo, famed photographer, prominent figure of the post-Mexican Revolution artistic renaissance Juan Pablo Villalobos, author and entrepreneur José Rosas Moreno, 19th-century writer, fableist, and poet Mariano Azuela González, 19th/20th-century literary critic, novelist, and essayist Politics[edit] Pedro de Anda, Spanish conquistador and founder of Lagos de Moreno Luis Alfonso de Alba Góngora, Mexican under-secretary for Latin America in the Secretary of Foreign Relations, former Mexican Representative to the United Nations Ramón Muñoz Gutiérrez, Senator of Jalisco in the Mexican Senate of the Republic Emilio González Márquez, former Governor of Jalisco Pedro Moreno, general and father of the Mexican War of Independence Francisco Primo de Verdad y Ramos, 18th-century lawyer and politician of colonial New Spain Religion[edit] Juan Manuel Martín del Campo, Roman Catholic priest and exorcist, titled as Venerable by Pope Francis

[edit] Mayors and municipal presidents[edit] Subjects and citizens who have served as mayors or municipal presidents of Lagos de Moreno Officer Term Office Notes Pedro Marfil 1563-1567 Ordinary mayor Founder Luis López 1567-1569 Ordinary mayor Founder Pedro de Villafaña 1569-1580 Ordinary mayor Founder Lope Sánchez de Uréchiga 1580-1609 Ordinary mayor Lorenzo de Padilla Dávila 1609-1611 Ordinary mayor Fernando de Villegas Jara 1611-1616 Ordinary mayor Juan de Arredondo y Bracamontes 1616-1624 Senior mayor Pedro de Aranda 1624-1650 Senior mayor Captain Antonio de Villegas Jara 1650-1651 Senior mayor Joseph González 1651 Senior mayor Captain Antonio de Esquivel y Vargas 1653 Senior mayor Antonio Ximénez de Castro 1659 Senior mayor Captain Juan de Alarcón Faxardo 1662 Senior mayor Captain Diego González de la Torre 1663 Senior mayor Captain Diego Flores de la Torre 1672 Senior mayor Francisco de Villaviciosa 1679 Senior mayor Captain Juan Rincón Gallardo 1688 Senior mayor Felipe de Otadui y Avendaño 1692 Senior mayor Fernando Hurtado de Mendoza 1694 Senior mayor Captain Jerónimo Antonio Chacón 1707 Senior mayor Sebastián de Manzano 1727 Senior mayor Juan Pérez Franco y Hermosillo 1736 Senior mayor Miguel Jerónimo del Villar 1737 Senior mayor Bernabé Felipe de Torres Ortega 1738 Senior mayor Carlos de San Gil y Ram. 1758 Senior mayor Francisco Javier de Arriola 1775 Senior mayor Juan de Anaya 1778 Senior mayor Diego Romero de Chávez 1790 Senior mayor Main character in the book El Alcalde de Lagos y otras consejas (The Mayor of Lagos and other stories), by Alfonso de Alba Martín (1957) Alonso de Ceballos y Villagutierre 1794 Senior mayor Juan José de Echarte 1808–1810 Military commander José María Sanromán 1809 Senior mayor Buenaventura Anaya 1810 Senior mayor Rafael Flores 1811–1814 Military commander Hermenegildo Rebuelta 1814–1821 Military commander Quirino Sanromán 1821–1824 Military commander Juan Crescencio Hermosillo 1843 Political chief Bruno Rey 1857 Political chief Juan García Rebollo 1858 Prefect Prudencio Topete 1860 Political chief Juan Zermeño 1863 Prefect, conservative Bernardo Olivero 1866 Prefect, conservative Albino Aranda 1868 Political chief Antonio Barajas 1876 Political chief Juan Alatorre 1873 Political chief Camilo Anaya 1874 Political chief José María Sanromán 1875 Political chief Pedro Vega 1880 Political chief José Ignacio Torres 1881 Political chief Andrés Michel 1883 Political chief Colonel Francisco de Paula Méndez 1887 Political chief José de Urrea 1888 Political chief Abraham Arróniz 1890 Political chief M. Morelos 1891 Political chief Abraham Arróniz 1892 Political chief Lt. Col. Ignacio Montenegro 1895 Political chief José María Arce 1897 Political chief Lt. Col. Jesús L. Patiño 1898 Political chief José María Gutiérrez 1900 Political chief Mayor Rosendo Híjar y Haro 1901 Political chief Margarito González Rubio 1903 Political chief Jesús Gómez Portugal 1909 Political chief Lorenzo I. Calderón 1911 Political chief Alberto Macedo 1913 Political chief Lt. Col. Ismael Hurtado 1914 Political chief Municipal president Term Party Notes Juan Zúñiga 1916 Benjamín E. Mora 1917 Pedro Pons 1918 Leonardo Larios Paz 1919 Ramón Vázquez 1920 José Vega González 1921 Francisco Montoya 1923 Luciano Castañeda 1925 Fernando Zermeño 1926 Ricardo Anaya 1927 Miguel Gómez Portugal 1928 Ramón E. Rivera 1929 PNR Jesús Pérez 1934 PNR Carlos A. Cuervo 1935 PNR Jacobo Lomelín 1935 PNR Francisco Carrera 1936 PNR Miguel Araujo Soto 1938 PRM Salvador J. Camarena 1943 PRM Luis Nungaray Garza 1944 PRM Alfonso Márquez 1945 PRM Ignacio Cedillo 1946 PRI José María Padilla 1947 PRI Abraham Vega 1948 PRI Manuel Vega 1950 PRI Enrique Núñez Ortiz 1953 PRI Alfonso Escobar 1954 PRI Francisco Carrera Hernández 1956 PRI Enrique Núñez Ortiz 1953 PRI Roberto Moreno 1958 PRI José Gutiérrez Zermeño 1959 PRI Abraham Vega Padilla 1960 PRI Juan José Gómez 1961 PRI Juan Anaya Gómez 01-01-1962–31-12-1964 PRI Carlos González Gómez 1965 PRI José A. Villagrán 1966 PRI Rubén Martín Urzúa 1967 PRI Jesús Delgado Pérez 01-01-1968–31-12-1970 PRI Manuel Flores Tostado 01-01-1971–31-12-1973 PRI Jorge Sanromán Quiñones 01-01-1974–31-12-1976 PRI Alfredo Gallardo Fregoso 01-01-1977–31-12-1979 PRI Teodoro Esparza Rojo 1980–1982 PRI Víctor Atilano Gómez 1983–1985 PDM Tranquilino Martín 1985 PDM J. Trinidad Velázquez Torres 1986 Sergio Esparza 1987 Emigdio Rico Santana 1988 Ignacio Padilla Hernández 1989–1992 PRI Benjamín Gazcón Torres 1992–1995 PRI Víctor Manuel Larios Muñoz 1995–1997 PAN Francisco Javier Pérez Romero 01-01-1998–31-12-2000 PRI Francisco Rafael Torres Marmolejo 01-01-2001–2003 PAN Saúl González Fuentes 01-01-2004–31-12-2006 PAN Francisco Rafael Torres Marmolejo 01-01-2007–31-12-2009 PAN José Brizuela López 01-01-2010–30-09-2012 PRI Panal Coalition "Alliance for Jalisco" Hugo René Ruiz Esparza Hermosillo 01-10-2012–30-09-2015 PRI PVEM Coalition "Compromise for Jalisco" Juan Alberto Márquez de Anda 01-10-2015–30-09-2018 PRI PVEM Tecutli José Guadalupe Gómez Villalobos 01-10-2018–02-03-2021 PAN PRD MC Applied for a leave to run for reelection, which he got José Ignacio Ángel Cervantes 02-03-2021–30-09-2021 PAN PRD MC Acting municipal president Tecutli José Guadalupe Gómez Villalobos 01-10-2021–30-09-2024 MC Was reelected on 06-06-2021 Édgar Alfredo González Chávez 01-10-2024– MC

[edit] Maria Soine de Helguerra Regional Public Library Parroquia Nuestra Señora de la Asunción N. Sra. de la Luz Church at sunset The Municipal Palace of Lagos de Moreno San José de Gracia de Pobres Capuchinas Convent José Rosas Moreno Theatre The Temple of Calvario La Mesa Redonda La Merced Temple Comanja Temple Miguel Leandro Guerra School of Arts and Trades N. Sra. de la Luz Church San Felipe de Jesús Temple Asunción de María Park Panteon de la Soledad San Miguel Church Teatro José Rosas Moreno N. Sra. del Refugio Church

[edit] The city used to be served by the Francisco Primo de Verdad National Airport (IATA: LOM). The nearest airport, Del Bajio International Airport (IATA: BJX) is located near Silao, Guanajuato, an hour's drive away.