Londrina

[edit] The city was named after British entrepreneurs who launched railroad stations in the region to ease the transportation of coffee grains from northern Paraná and southern São Paulo states to the port of Santos. The word Londrina pays homage to the British capital (Londres in Portuguese), since a London cotton company, Paraná Plantations Limited, made the original investment to settle in this area. Historical populationYearPop.±%1900 509—    1910 976+91.7%1920 1,483+51.9%1930 27,475+1752.7%1940 65,889+139.8%1950 71,321+8.2%1960 136,401+91.2%1970 347,544+154.8%1980 403,005+16.0%1990 385,580−4.3%2000 447,065+15.9%2009 510,707+14.2%2010 506,645−0.8%2011 511,278+0.9%2012 515,707+0.9%2013 537,566+4.2%2014 543,003+1.0%2022 555,965+2.4%

[edit] The city is located in the north of the state of Paraná, and is 388 km (241 miles) away from the state capital, Curitiba. Climate[edit] According to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification system, the city of Londrina has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) influenced by the Atlantic Forest biome. Average annual precipitation is 1,622.6 mm (63.9 in). Mean average annual temperature is 20.62 °C (69 °F). Climate data for Londrina (1981–2010) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high °C (°F) 37.3(99.1) 37.5(99.5) 36.7(98.1) 34.9(94.8) 32.0(89.6) 31.0(87.8) 31.3(88.3) 33.3(91.9) 39.4(102.9) 40.0(104.0) 39.0(102.2) 39.3(102.7) 40.0(104.0) Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 30.0(86.0) 30.3(86.5) 30.8(87.4) 28.6(83.5) 24.9(76.8) 23.8(74.8) 24.2(75.6) 26.6(79.9) 27.6(81.7) 29.1(84.4) 30.2(86.4) 30.1(86.2) 28.0(82.4) Daily mean °C (°F) 24.5(76.1) 24.4(75.9) 24.1(75.4) 22.3(72.1) 18.7(65.7) 17.3(63.1) 17.2(63.0) 19.2(66.6) 20.6(69.1) 22.6(72.7) 23.8(74.8) 24.2(75.6) 21.6(70.9) Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 20.2(68.4) 20.1(68.2) 19.2(66.6) 17.3(63.1) 13.8(56.8) 12.3(54.1) 11.7(53.1) 13.1(55.6) 14.8(58.6) 17.2(63.0) 18.5(65.3) 19.5(67.1) 16.5(61.7) Record low °C (°F) 12.0(53.6) 13.0(55.4) 8.2(46.8) 4.8(40.6) 0.0(32.0) −2.8(27.0) −0.5(31.1) 0.3(32.5) 3.0(37.4) 7.6(45.7) 8.8(47.8) 11.3(52.3) −2.8(27.0) Average precipitation mm (inches) 243.2(9.57) 179.8(7.08) 134.9(5.31) 94.3(3.71) 109.7(4.32) 86.4(3.40) 66.1(2.60) 54.3(2.14) 102.6(4.04) 139.7(5.50) 150.9(5.94) 221.1(8.70) 1,583(62.32) Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 15 12 9 7 8 5 5 4 7 9 9 12 102 Average relative humidity (%) 78.1 76.3 74.3 75.4 78.3 79.5 74.8 68.6 67.8 69.7 70.4 73.8 73.9 Mean monthly sunshine hours 185.0 192.3 224.4 212.7 191.5 198.0 202.4 218.7 187.7 199.4 209.1 198.5 2,419.7 Source: Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia

[edit] Metropolitan Cathedral of Londrina Agriculture continues to be Londrina's major economic activity, although its importance has diminished in recent years. Agricultural activity was diversified beyond coffee, and today corn, wheat, cotton, horticulture, beans, peanuts, rice, sugar cane, soy bean, and fruit plantations thrive due to the rich Northern Paraná/South Western São Paulo State "terra roxa/vermelha" crimson soil. Although the city has increased its industrial park by adding weaving, textiles and agricultural factories, Londrina's main wealth continues to be agricultural production. Today, Londrina is also known for its commerce and service sectors. Moreover, real estate is another growing sector that has generated jobs and boosted even more the size of this city in Paraná. It possesses one of the largest universities in the country, the Londrina State University, as well as several private colleges. The city is served by Londrina – Governador José Richa Airport. Once a year, the city hosts the largest agricultural fair in Latin America, the Expo Londrina.

[edit] According to the 1988 Constitution, Londrina is located in a presidential federal republic. It was inspired by the American model; however, the Brazilian legal system follows the Roman-Germanic tradition of positive law. Municipal administration is governed by the executive and legislative branches. The mayor elected in the 2012 Brazilian municipal elections to serve from 2013 to 2016 was Alexandre Kireeff of the Social Democratic Party (PSD). In the 2016 municipal elections, Marcelo Belinati of the Progressive Party (PP) was elected, and he was reelected in the 2020 municipal elections. In the 2024 municipal elections, Tiago Amaral of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) was elected. The legislative branch of the city of Londrina is constituted by the City Council, composed of 19 councilors elected for four-year terms (in accordance with the provisions of Article 29 of the Constitution).

[edit] Londrina is served by both universal health care system, through the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) and by many private health care facilities. The municipality has 133 SUS health facilities, such as hospitals, local clinics and nurseries. Despite ample access to healthcare, infant mortality rate are relatively high, with 10.68 deaths per one thousand births as of 2017.

[edit] Quebec neighborhood in Londrina View of Londrina Londrina during a storm Londrina Airport Portuguese is the official national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools. But English and Spanish are part of the official high school curriculum. As of 2010, the rate of formal schooling is 97.3% between the age of 6 and 14 years old. The basic education system has 65.065 enrolled and the middle/high school system has 18,140 students as of 2018. Colleges and universities[edit] Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL) – "Londrina State University" Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR) – "Federal University of Technology – Paraná" Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUC-PR) – "Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná" Universidade Norte do Paraná (UNOPAR) – "North Paraná University" Centro Universitário Filadéfia (UniFil) – "Filadélfia University Center" Faculdade Pitágoras – "Pitágoras College" Faculdade Arthur Thomas (FAAT) – "Arthur Thomas College" Faculdade Teologica Sul Americana (FTSA) – "South American Theological College"

[edit] Instituted by State Complementary Law 81 on 17 June 1998, the Metropolitan Region of Londrina includes the cities of Londrina, Cambé, Ibiporã, Sertanópolis, Bela Vista do Paraíso, Jataizinho, Rolândia, Tamarana, and Arapongas, totaling 750,000 inhabitants.

[edit] The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Londrina. The city is also home to two stakes of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints as well as the headquarter of the Brazil Londrina Mission, which encompasses northern Paraná and parts of São Paulo.

[edit] The city's football clubs include Londrina Esporte Clube, founded in 1956, and the Associação Portuguesa Londrinense founded in 1950. They play at Café stadium, a 45,000 spectator capacity stadium. Inesul/Londrina, owned by INESUL – Instituto de Ensino Superior de Londrina, a higher education institution, is a city's major basketball club and competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro de Basquete.

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[edit] See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Brazil Londrina is twinned with: Guimarães, Portugal Modena, Italy León, Nicaragua Nago, Japan Toledo, United States Zhenjiang, China